Organic farming faces challenges such as higher labor costs, pest management without chemicals, and certification requirements. However, it offers environmental benefits and can result in higher consumer demand for organic products.

Crop insurance protects farmers from financial losses due to natural disasters, pests, or diseases. It provides compensation based on yield loss, helping farmers recover and continue their operations.

Hydroponic farming involves growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water instead. This method can increase crop yields, reduce water usage, and allows farming in areas with poor soil conditions.

Agroforestry integrates trees and shrubs with crops and livestock. It improves biodiversity, sequesters carbon, conserves soil, reduces erosion, and helps maintain water quality in agricultural landscapes.

Agro-tourism allows visitors to experience farm life, helping farmers generate additional income. It promotes local agriculture, educates consumers, and contributes to rural development by creating jobs and business opportunities.

Selecting the right fertilizer depends on soil type, crop needs, and nutrient deficiencies. Organic and synthetic fertilizers are available, and soil testing helps determine the best choice for nutrient management.

Organic certification ensures that farms meet specific standards for growing food without synthetic chemicals. Challenges include adhering to strict guidelines, maintaining records, and managing costs of certification processes.

Agroecology is an ecological approach to farming that integrates sustainable practices with social justice, helping to increase farm resilience, promote biodiversity, and empower rural communities.

Soil fertility can be enhanced naturally through practices such as composting, using cover crops, and applying organic matter. These methods improve soil structure, increase nutrient content, and support beneficial microorganisms.

Post-harvest losses can be minimized through proper storage, handling, and transportation. Techniques like cooling, drying, and reducing exposure to pests help maintain the quality of crops after harvest and reduce waste.